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Eureka Diamond
The Eureka Diamond was the first diamond discovered in South Africa. It weighed , and was found near Hopetown on the Orange River in 1867. The diamond, cut to a cushion-shaped brilliant, is currently on display at the Mine Museum in Kimberley. The discovery of diamonds in South Africa led to the Kimberley Diamond Rush, and marked the beginning of the Mineral Revolution.
==Discovery==
The diamond was discovered by Erasmus Jacobs, the 24-year-old son of Daniel Jacobs, who owned a farm on the river. Jacobs was resting under a tree after searching for a long stick to clear a blocked water pipe at his father's request. He saw the stone shining in the sun, so picked it up and put it in his pocket. 〔 Erasmus was using the stone in a game of five-stones when his mother noticed its shine. She mentioned it to a neighbour, Schalk van Niekerk. Intrigued by the stone, Schalk Van Niekerk offered to buy it from Mrs. Jacobs, who instead gave it to him saying, ''"You can keep the stone, if you want it"''.〔
Van Niekerk entrusted the stone to John O'Reilly, who took it to Colesberg to inquire as to its nature and value. The stone came under the view of the acting Civil Commissioner Lourenzo Boyes, who on seeing that the stone cut glass declared: ''"I believe it to be a diamond."'' 〔 The stone was then sent by mail in an ordinary paper envelope to Dr. William Guybon Atherstone, the colony's foremost mineralogist, in Grahamstown.〔 Atherstone confirmed that it was a 21.25 carat (4.25 g) diamond〔 (although some sources put the weight at ).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eureka )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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